ECO 305 WK 3 Quiz 2 Chapters 3 and 4

ECO 305 WK 3 Quiz 2 - Chapters 3 and 4

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following suggests that a nation will export the commodity in the production of which a great deal of its relatively abundant and cheap factor is used?

a. The Linder theory

b. The product life cycle theory

c. The MacDougall theory

d. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory

2. According to Staffan Linder, trade between two countries tends to be most pronounced when the countries:

a. Find their tastes and preferences to be quite harmonious

b. Experience economies of large-scale production over large output levels

c. Face dissimilar relative abundances of the factors of production

d. Find their per capita income levels to be approximately the same

3. Which of the following is a long-run theory, emphasizing changes in the trading position of a nation over a number of years?

a. Theory of factor endowments

b. Comparative advantage theory

c. Theory of the product cycle

d. Overlapping demand theory

4. The Leontief paradox questioned the validity of the theory of:

a. Comparative advantage

b. Factor endowments

c. Overlapping demands

d. Absolute advantage

5. Which of the following would least likely apply to the product life cycle theory?

a. Calculators and computers

b. Coal and crude oil

c. Home movie cameras

d. Office machinery

6. Classical trade theory emphasized which of the following as an underlying explanation of the basis for trade?

a. Productivities of labor inputs

b. Tastes and preferences among nations

c. Changes in technologies over time

d. Quantities of economic resources

7. Concerning the influence that transportation costs have on the location of industry, which of the following industries has generally attempted to locate production facilities close to resource supplies?

a. Autos

b. Steel

c. Soft drinks

d. Valuable electronics goods

8. Assume that Country A, in the absence of trade, finds itself relatively abundant in labor and relatively scarce in land. The factor endowment theory reasons that with free trade, the internal distribution of national income in Country A will change in favor of:

a. Labor

b. Land

c. Both labor and land

d. Neither labor nor land

9. When considering the effects of transportation costs, the conclusions of our trade model must be modified. This is because transportation costs result in:

a. Lower trade volume, higher import prices, smaller gains from trade

b. Lower trade volume, lower import prices, smaller gains from trade

c. Higher trade volume, higher import prices, smaller gains from trade

d. Higher trade volume, lower import prices, greater gains from trade

10. Most economists maintain that the major factor underlying wage stagnation in the United States in the 1990s has been:

a. Import competition

b. Technological change

c. Rising real value of the minimum wage

d. Increasing union membership

11. Assume the cost of transporting autos from Japan to Canada exceeds the pretrade price difference for autos between Japan and Canada. Trade in autos is:

a. Impossible

b. Possible

c. Highly profitable

d. Moderately profitable

12. Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin are associated with the theory of comparative advantage that stresses differences in:

a. Income levels among countries

b. Tastes and preferences among countries

c. Resource endowments among countries

d. Labor productivities among countries

13. Hong Kong is relatively abundant in labor, while Canada is relatively abundant in capital. In both countries the production of shirts is relatively more labor intensive than the production of computers. According to the factor endowment theory, Hong Kong will have a(n):

a. Absolute advantage in the production of shirts and computers

b. Absolute advantage in the production of computers

c. Comparative advantage in the production of shirts

d. Comparative advantage in the production of computers

14. If Japanese workers receive lower wages in the production of autos than do American workers:

a. Japan will have a comparative advantage in the production of autos

b. Japan will have an absolute advantage in the production of autos

c. Production costs will be lower in Japan than in the U.S.

d. Production costs could be lower in the U.S. if American labor productivity is higher than the Japanese

15. Which trade theory suggests that a newly produced good, once exported, could ultimately end up being imported as the technology is transferred to lower- cost nations?

a. Factor endowment theory

b. Product life cycle theory

c. Overlapping demand theory

d. Comparative advantage theory

16. A firm is said to enjoy economies of scale over the range of output for which the long-run average cost is:

a. Increasing

b. Constant

c. Decreasing

d. None of the above

17. A product will be internationally traded as long as the pretrade price differential between the trading partners is:

a. Greater than the cost of transporting it between them

b. Equal to the cost of transporting it between them

c. Less than the cost of transporting it between them

d. None of the above

18. Which of the following suggests that by widening the market"s size, international trade can permit longer production runs for manufacturers, which leads to increasing efficiency?

a. Economies of scale

b. Diseconomies of scale

c. Comparative cost theory

d. Absolute cost theory

19. The Leontief paradox:

a. Was applied to the product life cycle theory

b. Suggested that the U.S. exports labor-intensive goods

c. Found that national income differences underlie world trade patterns

d. Implied that diseconomies of scale occur at low output levels

20. Which of the following best applies to the theory of overlapping demands?

a. Manufactured goods

b. Services

c. Primary products

d. None of the above

21. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory explains comparative advantage as the result of differences in countries":

a. Economies of large-scale production

b. Relative abundance of various resources

c. Relative costs of labor

d. Research and development

22. Boeing aircraft company was able to cover its production costs of the first "jumbo jet" in the 1970s because Boeing could market it to several foreign airlines in addition to domestic airlines. This illustrates:

a. How economies of scale make possible a larger variety of products in international trade

b. A transfer of wealth from domestic consumers to domestic producers as the result of trade

c. How a natural monopoly is forced to behave more competitively with international trade

d. How a natural monopoly is forced to behave less competitively with international trade

23. Which trade theory contends that a country that initially develops and exports a new product may eventually become an importer of it and may no longer manufacture the product?

a. Theory of factor endowments

b. Theory of overlapping demands

c. Economies of scale theory

d. Product life cycle theory

24. The theory of overlapping demands predicts that trade in manufactured goods is unimportant for countries with very different:

a. Tastes and preferences

b. Expectations of future interest rate levels

c. Per-capita income levels

d. Labor productivities

25. The trade model of the Swedish economists Heckscher and Ohlin maintains that:

a. Absolute advantage determines the distribution of the gains from trade

b. Comparative advantage determines the distribution of the gains from trade

c. The division of labor is limited by the size of the world market

d. A country exports goods for which its resource endowments are most suited

26. According to the factor endowment model, countries heavily endowed with land will:

a. Devote excessive amounts of resources to agricultural production

b. Devote insufficient amounts of resources to agricultural production

c. Export products that are land-intensive

d. Import products that are land-intensive

27. For the United States, empirical studies indicate that over the past two decades the cost of international transportation relative to the value of U.S. imports has:

a. Increased

b. Decreased

c. Not changed

d. None of the above

28. Should international transportation costs decrease, the effect on international trade would include:

a. An increase in the volume of trade

b. A smaller gain from trade

c. A decline in the income of home producers

d. A decrease in the level of specialization in production.

29. That the division of labor is limited by the size of the market best applies to which explanation of trade?

a. Factor endowment theory

b. Product life cycle theory

c. Economies of scale theory

d. Overlapping demand theory

30. A larger variety of products results from international trade especially if:

a. International trade affords producers monopoly power

b. National governments levy import tariffs and quotas

c. Producing goods entails increasing costs

d. Economies of scale exist for producers

31. With economies of scale and decreasing unit costs, a country has the incentive to:

a. Specialize completely in the product of its comparative advantage

b. Specialize partially in the product of its comparative advantage

c. Specialize completely in the product of its comparative disadvantage

d. Specialize partially in the product of its comparative disadvantage

32. Proponents of ____ maintain that government should enact policies that encourage the development of emerging, "sunrise" industries.

a. Product life cycle policy

b. Static comparative advantage policy

c. Intraindustry trade policy

d. Industrial policy

33. Legislation requiring domestic manufacturers to install pollution abatement equipment tends to promote:

a. Higher production costs and an increase in output

b. Higher production costs and a decrease in output

c. Lower production costs and an increase in output

d. Lower production costs and a decrease in output

34. Stringent governmental regulations (e.g., air quality standards) imposed on domestic steel manufacturers tend to:

a. Enhance their competitiveness in the international market

b. Detract from their competitiveness in the international market

c. Increase the profitability and productivity of domestic manufacturers

d. Reduce the market share of foreign firms selling steel in the domestic market

35. Among the determinants underlying a country"s international competitiveness in business services (e.g., construction) are:

a. The potential scale economies afforded by a market"s size

b. Abundance of equipment including data processing facilities and computers

c. Skills and capabilities of employees and their wage rates

d. All of the above

36. The simultaneous import and export of computers by Germany is an example of:

a. Intraindustry trade

b. Interindustry trade

c. Perfect competition

d. Imperfect competition

37. Linder"s theory of overlapping demand provides an explanation of:

a. Product life cycle theory

b. Factor endowment model

c. Economies of large-scale production

d. Intraindustry trade

38. Intraindustry trade can be explained in part by:

a. Adam Smith"s principle of absolute advantage

b. Perfect competition in product markets

c. Diseconomies of large scale production

d. Transportation costs between and within nations

39. The Leontief paradox provided:

a. Support for the principle of absolute advantage

b. Support for the factor endowment model

c. Evidence against the factor endowment model

d. Evidence against the principle of absolute advantage

40. Which trade theory suggests that comparative advantage tends to shift from one nation to another as a product matures?

a. Interindustry trade theory

b. Intraindustry trade theory

c. Product life cycle theory

d. Overlapping demand theory

41. Which trade theory is tantamount to a short-run version of the factor price equalization theory?

a. Specific factors theory

b. Product life cycle theory

c. Economies of scale theory

d. Overlapping demand theory

42. According to the specific factors trade theory:

a. Owners of factors specific to export industries suffer from trade, while owners of factors specific to import-competing industries gain

b. Owners of factors specific to export industries gain from trade, while owners of factors specific to import-competing industries suffer

c. Both owners of factors specific to export industries and owners of factors specific to import-competing industries gain from trade

d. Both owners of factors specific to export industries and owners of factors specific to import-competing industries suffer from trade

43. Which nation has sometimes been characterized as being a "pollution haven" due to its lenient environmental standards that encourage the production of pollution-intensive goods?

a. Japan

b. Canada

c. Germany

d. Mexico

44. Boeing Inc. has criticized The Airbus Company"s competitiveness on the grounds that Airbus benefits from:

a. Import tariffs protecting Airbus in the European market

b. Import quotas protecting Airbus in the European market

c. Lenient environmental standards of European governments

d. Production subsidies supplied by European governments

45. To justify the subsidies it has received from European governments, The Airbus Company has used all of the following arguments except:

a. Its subsidies have prevented U.S. aircraft firms from holding a world-wide monopoly

b. U.S. aircraft firms have benefited from military-sponsored programs of the U.S. government

c. Airbus" subsidies were totally repaid as the firm realized profits on its aircraft sales

d. Without subsidies to Airbus, Europe would be dependent on the United States as a supplier of aircraft

46. Expanding trade or technological improvements

a. Increases the demand for skilled workers in the U.S.

b. Decreases the demand for unskilled workers in the U.S.

c. Increases the demand for unskilled workers in the U.S.

d. Both a and b.

47. Economists agree that wages of unskilled workers are being held down by

a. International trade

b. Technology improvements

c. Lack of education

d. A combination of a, b, and c

HW Hour

Tuesday 30 June 2015

ECO 305 WK 3 Quiz 2 Chapters 3 and 4

ECO 305 WK 3 Quiz 2 Chapters 3 and 4

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